How is cross-examination typically handled in Title IX hearings?

• A. It is never allowed.
• B. Witnesses must testify without any cross-examination.
• C. In some settings, witnesses or their advisors may cross-examine; policies may offer alternative methods to reduce trauma and maintain safety.
• D. The judge determines without any input from participants.

Answer: (C)

Cross-examination in Title IX hearings is designed to test credibility while protecting participants from harm. In many settings, witnesses can be cross-examined, but the process is mediated to reduce trauma: the questions are asked by the party’s advisor rather than the party themselves, and a presiding official ensures relevance and curbs abusive or duplicative inquiries. Policies often include trauma-informed options, such as allowing questions to be submitted in advance, limiting certain topics, or using a neutral intermediary to relay questions. This approach balances the need for a fair opportunity to challenge testimony with safeguards to maintain safety and well-being for those involved.