Which of the following is explicitly listed as a form of sexual harassment against students under Title IX?

• A. Spreading sexual rumors
• B. Denial of food service when a school account reaches zero
• C. A one-time fist fight between students
• D. Sexual violence or sexual touching

Answer: (D)

Under Title IX, sexual harassment includes explicit forms of unwelcome sexual conduct that can interfere with a student’s education. The option describing sexual violence or sexual touching is the best choice because it names clear, involuntary physical or sexual actions that are unlawful and require school action. Sexual violence covers acts like forced or coerced sexual activity, while sexual touching refers to unwanted contact of a sexual nature. These are directly recognized as harassment in school settings, so they trigger Title IX obligations to address and prevent harm.

Spreading sexual rumors can be harmful and may constitute harassment in some cases, but it is not an explicit form listed as sexual violence or touching. A one-time fist fight is not sexual conduct, and denying food service due to a zero balance involves nutrition or discipline issues, not sexual misconduct.